How is the inductive effect different from the resonance and electromeric effects?

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(N/A) The inductive effect involves the permanent displacement of $\sigma$-electrons along a carbon chain due to the difference in electronegativity between atoms.
Similarly,the resonance effect is a permanent effect involving the delocalization of $\pi$-electrons or lone pairs within a conjugated system.
In contrast,the electromeric effect is a temporary effect that occurs only in the presence of an attacking reagent,involving the complete transfer of a shared pair of $\pi$-electrons to one of the atoms joined by a multiple bond.

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Choose the correct order $:-$

Arrange the following according to the instructions:
$(i)$ Arrange in descending order of acidic strength:
$CH_3COOH, (CH_3)_3CCOOH, (CH_3)_2CHCOOH, CH_3CH_2COOH$
(ii) Arrange in descending order of stability:
$\stackrel{+}{CH}_3, (CH_3)_3\stackrel{+}{C}, CH_3CH_2^+, (CH_3)_2\stackrel{+}{CH}$
(iii) Arrange in increasing order of acidic strength:
$CCl_3COOH, CH_3COOH, CHCl_2COOH, CH_2ClCOOH$
(iv) Arrange in increasing order of stability:
$(a)$ $CH_3CH=CH-CHO$
$(b)$ $CH_3\stackrel{+}{CH}-CH=C-O:^-$
$(c)$ $\stackrel{+}{CH}_2-CH=CH-C=O$
$(v)$ Arrange in decreasing order of stability:
$(I)$ $CH_2=CH-CHO$
$(II)$ $\stackrel{+}{CH}_2-CH=C-H$ (with $O^-$)
$(III)$ $:CH_2-CH=C-H$ (with $O^-$)

Which of the following orders of rotation barrier about the $C=C$ bond,as indicated in the structures $(I)$,$(II)$,and $(III)$,is correct?

The cyclic cations having the same number of hyperconjugation are: Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Hyperconjugation is not observed in

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